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Physics Lesson 16.2.1 - Two Experiments to Prove the Interaction between Electricity and Magnetism

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Welcome to our Physics lesson on Two Experiments to Prove the Interaction between Electricity and Magnetism, this is the first lesson of our suite of physics lessons covering the topic of Magnetic Field Produced by Electric Currents, you can find links to the other lessons within this tutorial and access additional physics learning resources below this lesson.

Two Experiments to Prove the Interaction between Electricity and Magnetism

In 1819, Oersted - a Danish teacher - when performing some experiments in his laboratory, observed a deflection of compass needle to the N-S direction in presence of electric current as shown in the figure below.

Physics Tutorials: This image provides visual information for the physics tutorial Magnetic Field Produced by Electric Currents

Thus, in absence of electric current In the circuit (figure 1), he noticed that the compass needle was directed towards the earth magnetic poles. When he turned the switch on, Oersted noticed a deflection in the compass needle (figure 2).

This experiment is a demonstration that electricity causes a magnetic effect, i.e. an electric current produces a magnetic field around it.

The reverse is also true. A few years later, in 1830, Michael Faraday noticed that an electric current Is produced on a closed conducting loop when a magnet is moved towards or away the loop as shown in the figure below. Furthermore, the current produced is not produced due to direct contact but rather, due to induction (induced current) and it opposes the cause, i.e. the direction of the induced current Is opposite to the magnet direction of motion.

Physics Tutorials: This image provides visual information for the physics tutorial Magnetic Field Produced by Electric Currents

The spring-like conducting wire in the figure is known as a solenoid. It is made up by a number of turns known as coils. A single coil may have a circular or rectangular shape and it is different from a simple circular or rectangular metal frame as the term coil is used when some current flows through the metal frame.

This experiment is a proof that magnetism generates electricity. Therefore, magnetism and electricity are closely related to each other. If we study them separately, this is only for simplicity.

You have reached the end of Physics lesson 16.2.1 Two Experiments to Prove the Interaction between Electricity and Magnetism. There are 4 lessons in this physics tutorial covering Magnetic Field Produced by Electric Currents, you can access all the lessons from this tutorial below.

More Magnetic Field Produced by Electric Currents Lessons and Learning Resources

Magnetism Learning Material
Tutorial IDPhysics Tutorial TitleTutorialVideo
Tutorial		Revision
Notes		Revision
Questions
16.2Magnetic Field Produced by Electric Currents
Lesson IDPhysics Lesson TitleLessonVideo
Lesson
16.2.1Two Experiments to Prove the Interaction between Electricity and Magnetism
16.2.2The Definition of Magnetic Induction
16.2.3Magnetic Field Produced by Electric Currents. Right Hand Rule
16.2.4Magnetic Permeability. Relative Permeability. Diamagnetic, Paramagnetic and Ferromagnetic Materials

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