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Physics Lesson 6.5.1 - Linear Momentum as a Quantity that Represents the Amount of Motion for an Object

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Welcome to our Physics lesson on Linear Momentum as a Quantity that Represents the Amount of Motion for an Object, this is the first lesson of our suite of physics lessons covering the topic of Linear Momentum, you can find links to the other lessons within this tutorial and access additional physics learning resources below this lesson.

Linear Momentum as a Quantity that Represents the Amount of Motion for an Object

By definition, Linear Momentum (p) is the product of an object's mass (m) and its velocity (v).

Mathematically, we have

p = m × v

Since mass is measured in kg and velocity in m/s, the unit of momentum is [kg × m/s].

It is obvious that momentum is a vector quantity as it is obtained through the multiplication of a vector (velocity) by a scalar (mass). As stated in the tutorial "Multiplication of a Vector by a Scalar", the result is a new vector, which is collinear with the original one.

Example 1

A 300 t asteroid is moving in space at 5 km/s towards the Earth. What is its momentum in kg × m/s?

Solution 1

First, we must convert the units into the basic ones. Thus, since 1 t = 1000 kg and 1 km = 1000 m, we have

m = 300 t = 300 000 kg
v = 5 km/s = 5000 m/s

Therefore, we obtain for the momentum of the asteroid:

p = m × v
= 300 000 kg × 5000 m/s
= 1 500 000 000 kg × m/s
= 1.5 × 109 kg × m/s

Thus, we say the momentum of the asteroid is 1.5 × 109 kg × m/s towards the Earth.

In the past, momentum has been known as the "amount of motion." This term is logical because a very large momentum as the one obtained in the example above, means the object's motion is very big. As a result, the object may cause a lot of harm when hitting another body, such as the Earth. On the other hand, a very light object (such as the tennis ball in the Introduction paragraph) which moves slowly has a small amount of motion, as its momentum is small.

In the next paragraph, it will be clearer why momentum has been called "amount of motion" in the past.

You have reached the end of Physics lesson 6.5.1 Linear Momentum as a Quantity that Represents the Amount of Motion for an Object. There are 2 lessons in this physics tutorial covering Linear Momentum, you can access all the lessons from this tutorial below.

More Linear Momentum Lessons and Learning Resources

Centre of Mass and Linear Momentum Learning Material
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6.5Linear Momentum
Lesson IDPhysics Lesson TitleLessonVideo
Lesson
6.5.1Linear Momentum as a Quantity that Represents the Amount of Motion for an Object
6.5.2Change in Momentum and its Importance in Understanding Objects' Motion

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  6. Continuing learning centre of mass and linear momentum - read our next physics tutorial: Collision and Impulse. Types of Collision

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